1.
Select the correct word from
the following list and fill in the blanks.
float, water, crop, nutrients, preparation
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a
large scale at a place is called ___Crop__.
(b)
The first step before growing crops is __prepration __ of
the soil.
(c)
Damaged seeds would __float_ on top of water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and ____Water___
and __nutrients__ from the soil are essential.
2.
Match items in column A with those in column B.
A B
(i) Kharif crops (a)
Food for cattle
ii) Rabi crops (b)
Urea and super phosphate
(iii) Chemical fertilisers (c) Animal
excreta, cow dung urine and plant waste
(iv) Organic manure d)
Wheat, gram, pea
(e) Paddy and maize
Answer: (i)-(e) , (ii)-(d) ,
(iii)-(b) , (iv)-(c)
3.
Give two examples of each.
(a) Kharif crop
(b) Rabi crop
Ans: (a) Kharif crop- Paddy and maize (b) Rabi crop- Wheat, gram, pea
4.
Write a paragraph in your own
words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil : The preparation of soil is
the first step before growing a crop. One of the most important tasks in
agriculture is to turn the soil and loosen it. This allows the roots to
penetrate deep into the soil. The loose soil allows the roots to breathe easily
even when they go deep into the soil. The process of loosening and
turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a
plough. Ploughsare made of wood or iron.
(b) Sowing: Sowing is the most important part of crop
production. Before sowing, good quality seeds are selected. Good quality seeds
are clean and healthy seeds of a good variety. Farmers prefer to use seeds which
give a high yield.
(c) Weeding: The removal of weeds is called weeding.
Weeding is necessary since weeds compete with the crop plants for water,
nutrients, space and light. Thus, they affect the growth of the crop. Some weeds
interfere even in harvesting and may be poisonous for animals and human beings.
Farmers adopt many ways to remove weeds and control their growth. Tilling before
sowing of crops helps in uprooting and killing of weeds, which may then dry up.
(d) Threshing: Harvesting in our country is either done manually by sickle or by a machine called
harvester. In the harvested crop, the grain seeds need to be separated from the
chaff. This process is called threshing. This is carried out with the help of a
machine called ‘combine’ which is in fact a combined harvester and thresher.
5.
Explain how fertilisers are
different from manure.
Ans: Differences between Fertiliser and Manure
S. No.
|
Fertiliser
|
Manure
|
1
|
A fertiliser is an
inorganic salt.
|
Manure is a natural
substance obtained
by the decomposition of
cattle dung, human waste and plant residues.
|
2
|
Prepared in factories
|
Prepared in fields
|
3
|
Does not provide humus to
soil
|
Provides humus to soil
|
4
|
Very rich in plant
nutrients like Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
|
Manure is relatively less
rich in plant nutrients
|
6.
What is irrigation? Describe
two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
Ans: The supply of water to
crops at different intervals is called irrigation.
i. Sprinkler System: This system is more useful on
the uneven land where sufficient water is not available. The perpendicular
pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the main pipeline at
regular intervals.
ii. In this system, the water falls drop by drop just
at the position of the roots. So it is called drip system. It is the best
technique for watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. The system provides
water to plants drop by drop
7.
If wheat is sown in the kharif season,
what would happen? Discuss.
Answer : Wheat
is a rabi crop, hence it requires cold climatic conditions to be grown properly.
If it is sown in the kharif season, it
will not grow or may get destroyed due to excessive rains in the kharif season.
8.
Explain how soil gets affected by the
continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer:Soil supplies mineral
nutrients to the crop. These nutrients are essential for the growth of plants.
Continuous growing of crops in the same field makes the soil poorer in certain nutrients.
This makes the soil in fertile. And then, to replenish the soil with nutrients farmers need to add manures to the soil
9.
What are weeds? How can we
control them?
Answer: The undesirable
plants may grow naturally along with the crop are called weeds. There are many
ways to remove weeds and control their growth. Weeds can be removed by
uprooting or cutting them close to the ground, from time to time. This is done
with the help of a khurpi. Weeds are also controlled by using certain
chemicals, called weedicides, like 2,4–D. These are sprayed in the fields to
kill the weeds.
10.
Arrange the following boxes
in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
The
correct order is 5à6-à4à7à2à3à1
11.
Complete the following word
puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Answer: Down
1.Irrigation
2.Storage
5. Crop
Across
3. Harvester
4. Gram
6. Winnowing
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