CLASS X SCIENCE-BIOLOGY

DAY-5
CLASS-X

CHAPTER- LIFE PROCESSES

TIME-  EVERYDAY 30 MIN (Choose you own time)

DAY-4
CLASS-X

CHAPTER- LIFE PROCESSES

TIME-  EVERYDAY 30 MIN (Choose you own time)

HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION

Each organism is adapted to its environment. The form of nutrition differs depending on the type and availability of food material as well as how it is obtained by the organism. For example, whether the food
source is stationary (such as grass) or mobile (such as a deer), would allow for differences in how the food is accessed and what is the nutritive apparatus used by a cow and a lion. There is a range of strategies by which the food is taken in and used by the organism.

·         Some organisms break-down the food material outside the body and then absorb it. Examples are fungi like bread moulds, yeast and mushrooms.
·         Others take in whole material and break it down inside their bodies. What can be taken in and broken down depends on the body design and functioning.
·         Some other organisms derive nutrition from plants or animals without killing them. This parasitic nutritive strategy is used by a wide variety of organisms like cuscuta (amar-bel), ticks, lice, leeches and tape-worms.

How do Organisms obtain their Nutrition?

In single-celled organisms:

Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse over
the food particle forming a food-vacuole. Inside the food vacuole, complex substances are broken down into simpler ones which then diffuse into the cytoplasm. The remaining undigested material is moved to the surface of the cell and thrown out.

In Paramoecium, which is also a unicellular organism, the cell has a definite shape and food is taken in at a specific spot. Food is moved to this spot by the movement of cilia which cover the entire surface of the cell.

Nutrition in Human Beings

Alimentary canal
Mouth → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine → Large intestine

Important gland/juices

·         Peristaltic movements- Rhythmic contraction of muscles of the lining of Alimentary canal to push the food forward.

·         Sphincter muscle- Helps in the exit of food from the stomach.

·         Villi- Small finger like projections on the walls of Small intestine- To increase the surface area for the absorption of food.

·         Large intestine- For absorption of water.

DAY-3
CLASS-X

CHAPTER- LIFE PROCESSES

TIME-  EVERYDAY 30 MIN (Choose you own time)

Now its clear that light and carbondioxide is essential  for photosynthesis. Stomata plays a great role in entry and exit of these gases.  

Massive amount gaseous exchange takes place through these pores for the purpose of photosynthesis.

You can watch this video and learn how to demonstrate stomata under the microscope.

Please read NCERT TEXT from the textbook.

Hello children

Welcome to the classroom of class X Science (Biology)

CBSE has issued a complete curriculum for classes IX to XII  and it is available on the CBSE website as well is you can download this through this link.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZaN0okc4YhzEBrW95rSVPuf11BqgUU57/view?usp=drivesdk

As the session has started an we are at our home. What we are seeing today will the future of our educational system. The system of imparting and educating children will be an online task. We should equip our self for learning through online platform. Take it as a training programme. Manage your time for learning through online platform.

As class X is a first step towards your career, we should start preparing ourselves from this time. 

I request you to download a presentation and just go through it,  read for 30mins patiently write down your queries ask it on the message. Your can read answers at 0700pm.

CLASS-X

DATE- 02.04.2020

CHAPTER- LIFE PROCESSES

TIME-  EVERYDAY 30 MIN (Choose you own time)

                                                 CLICK ON THE PICTURE TO DOWNLOAD FILE

DAY-2
CLASS-X

CHAPTER- LIFE PROCESSES
TIME-  EVERYDAY 30 MIN (Choose you own time)

The video will explain you the role of Light and Carbon dioxide in photosynthesis


https://youtu.be/joOPGmrXz7U

DOWNLOAD NCERT TEXT BOOKS

CLASS 10 CLASS 9 CLASS 8 
CLASS 7  CLASS 6 

CLASS IX SCIENCE (BIOLOGY)

PRACTICALS 2019-20

5. Preparation of stained temporary mounts of (a) onion peel, (b) human cheek cells & to record observations and draw their labeled diagrams.

6. Identification of Parenchyma, collenchyma and Sclerenchyma tissues in plants, striped, smooth and cardiac muscle fibers and nerve cells in animals, from prepared slides. Draw their labeled diagrams.

12. Study of the characteristics of Spirogyra, Agaricus, Moss, Fern, Pinus (either with male or female cone) and an Angiospermic plant. Draw and give two identifying features of the groups they belong to.

13. Observe the given pictures/charts/models of earthworm, cockroach, bony fish and bird. For each organism, draw their picture and record:

a) one specific feature of its phylum.

b) one adaptive feature with reference to its habitat.

15. Study of the external features of root, stem, leaf and flower of monocot and dicot plants.

CLASS X SCIENCE (BIOLOGY)

PRACTICALS 2019-20

6. Preparing a temporary mount of a leaf peel to show stomata.

7. Experimentally show that carbon dioxide is given out during respiration.

12. Studying (a) binary fission in Amoeba, and (b) budding in yeast and Hydra with the help of prepared slides.

15. Identification of the different parts of an embryo of a dicot seed (Pea, gram or red kidney bean).

   

CLASS XI SCIENCE (BIOLOGY)

PRACTICALS 2019-20

A: List of Experiments

1. Study and description of three locally available common flowering plants, one from each of the families Solanaceae, Fabacceae and Liliaceae (Poaceae, Asteraceae or Brassicaceae can be substituted in case of particular geographical location) including dissection and display of floral whorls, anther and ovary to show number of chambers (floral formulae and floral diagrams). Types of root (Tap and adventitious); stem (herbaceous and woody); leaf (arrangement, shape, venation, simple and compound).

2. Preparation and study of T.S. of dicot and monocot roots and stems (primary).

3. Study of osmosis by potato osmometer.

4. Study of plasmolysis in epidermal peels (e.g. Rhoeo leaves).

5. Study of distribution of stomata in the upper and lower surface of leaves.

6. Comparative study of the rates of transpiration in the upper and lower surface of leaves.

7. Test for the presence of sugar, starch, proteins and fats. Detection in suitable plant and animal materials.

8. Separation of plant pigments through paper chromatography.

9. Study of the rate of respiration in flower buds/leaf tissue and germinating seeds.

10. Test for presence of urea in urine.

11. Test for presence of sugar in urine.

12. Test for presence of albumin in urine.

13. Test for presence of bile salts in urine.

B. Study/observation of the following (spotting)

1. Study of the parts of a compound microscope.

2. Study of the specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons - Bacteria, Oscillatoria, Spirogyra, Rhizopus, mushroom, yeast, liverwort, moss, fern, pine, one monocotyledonous plant, one dicotyledonous plant and one lichen.

3. Study of virtual specimens/slides/models and identification with reasons - Amoeba, Hydra, liverfluke, Ascaris, leech, earthworm, prawn, silkworm, honeybee, snail, starfish, shark, rohu, frog, lizard, pigeon and rabbit.

4. Study of tissues and diversity in shapes and sizes of plant and animal cells (palisade cells, guard cells, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, phloem, squamous epithelium, muscle fibers and mammalian blood smear) through temporary/permanent slides.

5. Study of mitosis in onion root tip cells and animals cells (grasshopper) from permanent slides.

6. Study of different modifications in roots, stems and leaves.

7. Study and identification of different types of inflorescence (cymose and racemose).

8. Study of imbibition in seeds/raisins.

9. Observation and comments on the experimental set up for showing:

a) Anaerobic respiration          b) Phototropism          c) Effect of apical bud removal

10. Study of human skeleton and different types of joints with the help of virtual images/models only.

11. Study of external morphology of cockroach through virtual images/models.

CLASS XII  (BIOLOGY)

PRACTICALS 2019-20

A. List of Experiments 60 Periods

1. Study pollen germination on a slide.

2. Collect and study soil from at least two different sites and study them for texture, moisture content, pH and water holding capacity. Correlate with the kinds of plants found in them.

3. Collect water from two different water bodies around you and study them for pH, clarity and presence of any living organism.

4. Study the presence of suspended particulate matter in air at two widely different sites.

5. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.

6. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.

7. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.

8. Study the effect of different temperatures and three different pH on the activity of salivary amylase on starch.

9. Isolate DNA from available plant material such as spinach, green pea seeds, papaya,etc.

B. Study/observation of the following (Spotting)

1. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).

2. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide.

3. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).

4. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.

5. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides(Mammalian).

6. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.

7. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak and colourblindness.

8. Controlled pollination - emasculation, tagging and bagging.

9. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus causing ringworm through permanent slides or specimens. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.

10. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.

11. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.